ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืคื ืžื”

ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื™ื™ืคืชื— ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื˜ื•ืจื ื™ืจ ื’ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืชื•ืš 32 ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจื•ืช, ืจืง ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืชืขืจื•ื›ื ื” ืืช ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื”. ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ืคื ืžื”. ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ืขืคืœื”, ื”ืขื ื”ืคื ืžื™ ืœื ื™ื“ืข ื ืคืฉื• ืžืจื•ื‘ ืื•ืฉืจ ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืขืœ ื™ื•ื ื—ื•ืคืฉ. ืžื™ ืฉื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื ื™ื” ืžืžืจื›ื– ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืืžืŸ ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ืื ื™, ื”ืจื ืืŸ "ืืœ ื‘ื•ืœื™ื•" ื“ืจื™ื• ื’ื•ืžืก ื‘ืŸ ื”-62, ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžืืžื ื™ื ื”ืฉื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืจื•ืกื™ื”. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื•ืžืก ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื• ืฉื ื™. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื”ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื•, ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื›ืžืืžืŸ ืจืืฉื™.



ื’ื•ืžืก ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืืžื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื ื‘ื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืืจื—ื•ืช. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื•, ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ ืืฃ ืžืจืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžืœื‘ื“ ืคื ืžื”, ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ื’ื ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืืงื•ื•ืื“ื•ืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืœื™ืš ื‘-2002 ืืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ืœืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื”. ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ืื• ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื• ื›ืžืืžืŸ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื”, ืื•ืชื” ื”ื•ืœื™ืš ืœืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ ื‘-1998, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ืงื•ื“ืžื•, ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื• "ืคืืฆ'ื•" ืžืื˜ื•ืจืื ื”. ืขื "ืคืืฆ'ื•", ืื™ืชื• ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืจ, ื”ื•ืœื™ื›ื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืืช ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื” ืœืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœื™ื ื‘-1990 (ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ) ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘-1994 (ืขื ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ 5:0 ืขืœ ืืจื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื”). ื‘ืชื•ื•ืš ื”ื ืืฃ ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืืชืœื˜ื™ืงื• ื ืืกื™ื•ื ืืœ ืœื–ื›ื™ื™ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ืื ื™ ื‘ืงื•ืคื” ืœื™ื‘ืจื˜ืื“ื•ืจืก.

ื”ืจื ืืŸ "ืืœ ื‘ื•ืœื™ื•" ื“ืจื™ื• ื’ื•ืžืก
ื‘ื™ืฆืข ืžื”ืคืš ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ืื ื™ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื• ืคืืฆ'ื• ืžื˜ื•ืจืื ื” Credit flickr.com

ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืžืก ื›ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœืŸ ื ืงื˜ืขื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืขืงื‘ ืคืฆื™ืขื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ืจื’ืœื• ืฉืžืžื ื” ืœื ื”ื—ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืคื ื” ืœืื™ืžื•ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืžื˜ื•ืจืื ื” ื•ื—ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1987 ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ืื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ื’ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืื– 1962. ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื—ื•ืœืœื• ืžื”ืคื™ื›ื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืฉื™ืื” ื‘-1994, ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื” ื“ื•ืจื’ื” ื›ืื—ืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœื–ื›ื™ื” ื‘ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ. ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื” ืขื ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืœืš ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ื”ื™ื• ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืืžื ื™ื ืชื—ืช ืื™ื•ืžื™ ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืฉื™ืื ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื”: "ืื ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ ื’ื•ืžืก (ืื—ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื ืŸ) ื™ืฉื—ืง ืžื•ืœ ืืจื”"ื‘, ื ืคื•ืฆืฅ ืืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื". ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื’ื•ืžืก ืœื ืฉื™ื—ืง. ื”ื—ืœื•ื ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ืจืื ื” ื•ื’ื•ืžืก ื”ืคืš ืœื—ืœื•ื ื‘ืœื”ื•ืช ื•ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื” ื”ื•ื“ื—ื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื ืžื” ืฉื”ืคืš ืฉื™ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื˜ืจืื’ื™ ืขื ื”ื™ืจืฆื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืœื ืื ื“ืจืก ืืกืงื•ื‘ืืจ.



ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืขืก ื”ืขืฆื•ื, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื’ื•ืžืก ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื ื›ื ืข ื•ืœืงื— ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืžืืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืขื–ื™ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ืจืื ื”. ื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื” ืœืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ 1998 ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืจืฉื™ื ื•ื–ื™ื›ื” ืืช ื’ื•ืžืก ื‘ืชื•ืืจ ืžืืžืŸ ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1996. ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื” ืงื™ื•ื•ืชื” ืœืฉืงื ืืช ื”ืชื“ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ืฆืจืคืช, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื ืขื‘ื“ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคืกื“ ืœืจื•ืžื ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื”, ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจืช, ืคืื•ืกื˜ื™ื ื• ืืกืคืจื™ื™ื”, ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืžืก. ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžื˜ื•ืจืื ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืžื•ื—ืฆื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืœื— ืืช ืืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืœืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื”. ืœื ื”ืฉืขื” ืžืžืฉื—ืง ืื—ื“, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืขื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื• ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืžื—ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืจื ื™ืจ ื›ืฉืœืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™. ื’ื ื”ืคืขื ืกื™ื™ืžื” ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื” ืืช ื“ืจื›ื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ื’ื•ืžืก ืขื–ื‘ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื•.

ื”ืจื ืืŸ "ืืœ ื‘ื•ืœื™ื•" ื“ืจื™ื• ื’ื•ืžืก, ืคื ืžื”
ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืžืืžืŸ ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื‘-1996 Credit flickr.com

ื”ืชื—ื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ืืงื•ื•ืื“ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”: ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ. ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžืืžืŸ ืงืจืœื•ืก ืกื‘ื™ื™ื”, ืฉืฆื‘ืจ ืืคืก ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื ื™ืจ ื”ืงื•ืคื” ืืžืจื™ืงื” 1999 ื•ื”ืคืš ืืช ืืงื•ื•ืื“ื•ืจ ืœืื—ืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช. ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื–ื”ื™ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืฉื ื™ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ืขื 32 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช, 5 ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ. ื’ื•ืžืก ื”ืคืš ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืื•ืžื™, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ืœื ื—ืกืจื• ืชืงืจื™ื•ืช: ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื’ื•ืžืก ืœื”ืชืคื˜ืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื’ืœื• ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื’ื•ื•ื™ืืงื™ืœ ื‘ืžืื™ 2001. ื”ืกื™ื‘ื”: ื’ื•ืžืก ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื ืคื•ืช ืžื”ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ืกื ื˜ื” ืจื™ื˜ื” ืฉื”ืชืขืฆื‘ืŸ ืžื”ืžื”ืœืš ื•ืฉืœื— ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื•ืžืจื™ื• ืœื”ืชื ืงืฉ ื‘ืžืืžืŸ. ืœืื—ืจ ืื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืžืก, ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืื™ื•ืžื™ ืคืจื™ืฉื” ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘, ืืœื›ืก ืื’ื™ื ืื’ื”. ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื’ื•ืžืก ื”ืชืจืฆื” ื•ื—ื–ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืืงื•ื•ืื“ื•ืจ ืœืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ ื‘-2002, ืฉื ืกื™ื™ื ื“ืจื›ื• ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ืชื™ื.

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืœื ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ื‘ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ื’ื•ื•ืื˜ืžืœื”, ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ืื ื™ืช, ืœืื•ืจ ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืขืคืœื” ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-2000, ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื’ื•ืžืก ืœืงืจืืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ 2014. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื™ืžืŸ, ื‘ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื” ื’ื•ืžืก ื”ื•ื ืœื ืงื•ื ืฆื ื–ื•ืก. ื ื”ืคื•ืš ื”ื•ื. ืžืื– ื•ืžืชืžื™ื“ ื ื•ืฆืจ ืœื• ื•ืœืžื˜ื•ืจืื ื” ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืืžื ื™ื ืฉืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ืžืžื—ื•ื– ืื ื˜ื™ื•ืงื™ื” (ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื”) ื•ืžื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื• ืจืง ื”ืœื›ื• ื•ื’ื‘ืจื•. ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืคื•ืฉืจืช ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืงื•ืคื” ืืžืจื™ืงื” 2011 ืœื ื’ืจืžื• ืœื• ืœื”ืชืคื˜ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื•ืžืก ืœื "ืื™ื›ื–ื‘" ื•ืขื–ื‘ ืžืจืฆื•ื ื•. ื–ื” ืงืจื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2011, ื›ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช, ื ืฆืคื” ื”ืžืืžืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื” ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ืงื ื™ื˜ื” ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืคืื‘ ื‘ื‘ื•ื’ื•ื˜ื”. ืื™ืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืื•ื”ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืจืฉื• ืžื”ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืชืขื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื’ื•ืžืก ืขืฆืžื• ืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืชื”ื•ื“ื”. ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื” ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืื•ื”ื“ื™ื ืœืื•ืชื• ืขื“ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืฉืจืื” ืืช ื”ืžืงืจื”, ืžื” ืฉืกืœืœ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกื” ืคืงืจืžืŸ ืœืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจืช (ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื’ื ืขื•ื–ืจื• ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืžืก ื ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื).



ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2014 ืžื•ื ื” ืœืžืืžื ื” ืฉืœ ืคื ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืืงื•ื•ืื“ื•ืจ, ืฉื ืœืขืฆืžื• ืœืžื˜ืจื” ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ. ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ื›ื–ื• ืงื˜ื ื” ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ืช ืžื•ืœ ืžื›ืกื™ืงื•, ืืจื”"ื‘ ืื• ืงื•ืกื˜ื” ืจื™ืงื” ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืคื ืžื” ืขืฉืชื” ืืช ื–ื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื ืชื” ืžื˜ืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื” ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช. ืชื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ืชื•, ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ื”ืฉืชืคืจื” ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ืืฃ ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืžืืžืŸ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืžืจื›ื– ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื‘-2015. ื‘ืงื•ืคื” ืžืจื›ื– ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2017 ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืชืงืจื™ืช, ื”ืคืขื ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืžืฉื—ืง ืขื ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจืก ืฉืื•ืชื” ืื™ืžืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืืจืฆื•, ื—ื•ืจื—ื” ืœื•ืื™ืก ืคื™ื ื˜ื•. ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื—ื• ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื’ืœืฉ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฆื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืžืก, ืฉื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื’ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื›ื” ืืช ืคื™ื ื˜ื• ืื™ืœื•ืœื ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.

ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ืคื ืžื” ืœื ื ืจืืชื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืฉืœื” ื•ื’ื ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื”, ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื‘ืœื’ื™ื”, ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื”, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื•ืžืก ื™ื™ื–ื›ืจ ื›ื›ื–ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืคืขื ืขื ืฉืœื ืœืœื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉืžื—ื” ืœื—ื’ื•ื’ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจืชื• ืชืขืฉื” ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื ื™ืจ, ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ื“ื—ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช, ื™ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืก ืขื ืง. ืื ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืคืชืขื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื™ืขื–ื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ. ืืชื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ืคืฉืช ืžืืžืŸ ืœืงืจืืช ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ 2022?

 

ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ?

ืชืชืžื›ื• ื‘ื ื•

*ื›ืœ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื•ืœืฆืžื•ื—